Regina Grafe - 'Piezas de Indias' and 'asientos'

Imperial regulation, commercial practices, and the pan-European genesis of the trade in enslaved Africans to Spanish America

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la mulata by diego velazquez
Regina Grafe is Professor of Early Modern History and Head of the Department of History and Civilization at the European University Institute. A world-leading scholar of the early modern history of the Hispanic world, with a special interest in global economic and social history, she has written widely on the history of state- and empire-building, colonial governance, and private and public commercial institutions and legal norms. Her publications include Distant Tyranny: Markets, Power and Backwardness in Spain, 1650-1800 (2012).